Kanban vs Scrum: What is The Difference Between Them?

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Innovation

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Agile, Lean, Scrum, Kanban: All these terms describe very similar project management approaches, often used synonymously. Kanban Vs Scrum, both rooted in Agile principles, offer distinct approaches to project management, providing flexibility and adaptability in their own ways. Kanban, with its emphasis on continuous flow, visualizing work, and limiting work in progress, offers a more flexible structure without predefined roles or time-boxed iterations. It thrives on real-time adjustments to priorities and work items as the team focuses on optimizing the flow of value. Scrum ceremonies are called agile ceremonies, Kanban boards are used for Scrum – getting a deep understanding of methodological terms can be difficult at first.

On the other hand, Scrum follows an iterative and incremental approach, organizing work into fixed-length sprints with well-defined roles, ceremonies, and artefacts. It prioritizes stability and commitment within these sprints, allowing teams to deliver a potentially shippable product increment at the end of each iteration. While Kanban excels in environments where change is frequent and continuous, Scrum provides a structured framework with regular cadences, making it suitable for projects that benefit from stable planning and delivery cycles. The choice between Kanban and Scrum often depends on the nature of the project, team preferences, and the level of predictability required in the development process.

At Digital Leadership we provide Innovation consulting services to to assist organizations in navigating the complexities of modern project management methodologies. When faced with the decision between Kanban and Scrum, our innovation consulting can play a pivotal role in guiding organizations toward the most suitable approach.

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This is why this article Digital Leadership will guide you through Kanban vs Scrum techniques, their roles outside of software development, the agile process and its importance for project managers, and how to choose the best technique for the continuous improvement of your company whilst taking customer feedback into account at all times.

Difference Between Scrum and Kanban: Kanban VS Scrum

Kanban serves as a project management framework, relying on visual task management to oversee workflows. In comparison, Scrum functions as a project management framework guiding teams in structuring and managing their work through a defined set of values, principles, and practices.

1. Philosophy:

  • Kanban: Emphasizes continuous flow, visualizing work, and limiting work in progress. Flexible and adaptive, it does not prescribe specific roles, ceremonies, or fixed-length iterations.
  • Scrum: Follows an iterative and incremental approach, organizing work into fixed-length sprints. Prescribes specific roles (Product Owner, Scrum Master, Development Team), ceremonies (Sprint Planning, Daily Standup, Sprint Review, Sprint Retrospective), and artefacts.

2. Roles:

  • Kanban: Does not enforce predefined roles. Team members collaborate to get work done, and roles can be adapted to the team’s needs.
  • Scrum: Defines specific roles like Product Owner, Scrum Master, and Development Team, each with distinct responsibilities.

3. Work Planning:

  • Kanban: Does not have time-boxed iterations. Work is pulled as capacity allows, and new work is introduced continuously.
  • Scrum: Operates in fixed-length sprints, and planning occurs at the beginning of each sprint.

4. Work Prioritization:

  • Kanban: Prioritization is continuous, and the team pulls the highest-priority item from the backlog when capacity allows.
  • Scrum: Prioritization occurs during Sprint Planning, and the team commits to delivering a prioritized set of backlog items within the sprint.

5. Flexibility:

  • Kanban: Highly flexible, allowing changes to priorities and work items at any time.
  • Scrum: Changes to the sprint backlog are discouraged during a sprint to maintain focus and stability.

6. Cadence:

  • Kanban: Work is continuous, with no predefined timeboxes.
  • Scrum: Work is organized into fixed-length sprints, providing a regular cadence for planning and review.

7. Metrics:

  • Kanban: Focuses on cycle time, lead time, and throughput to optimize the flow of work.
  • Scrum: Metrics include velocity, burndown charts, and sprint progress to measure the team’s output within each sprint.

In summary, while both Scrum and Kanban are Agile frameworks, Kanban offers a more flexible and continuous approach, suitable for environments with changing priorities, whereas Scrum provides a structured framework with fixed-length iterations, well-defined roles, and ceremonies, offering stability and predictability in project management.

AspectScrumKanban
PhilosophyIterative and incremental frameworkContinuous flow system without predefined iterations
RolesDefined roles (Product Owner, Scrum Master, Development Team)No predefined roles
Work PlanningFixed-length sprints (usually 2-4 weeks)No fixed iterations, work is continuous
Work PrioritizationPrioritization during Sprint PlanningContinuous prioritization, work pulled as capacity allows
FlexibilityChanges discouraged during a sprintEmphasis on flexibility and real-time adjustments
CadenceFixed-length timeboxes (sprints)Continuous, no predefined timeboxes
MetricsVelocity, burndown charts, sprint progressCycle time, lead time, throughput
VisualizationSprint Backlog, Burndown ChartKanban Board with work items and WIP limits
StabilityStable within sprints, changes deferred to next sprintEmphasizes real-time adaptability and stability
ApplicabilitySuitable for projects requiring fixed-length planning cyclesSuited for environments with frequent changes and continuous flow of work

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Kanban Vs Scrum: Definitions

What is Kanban?

Kanban was originally developed by Taiichi Ohno, an industrial engineer at Toyota, to create a more efficient production process, in 2010 the Kanban method was applied to software development by David J. Anderson in his book Kanban: Evolutionary Change Management for IT Companies.

Kanban uses an assembly line approach: individual tasks are displayed on Kanban boards – a blackboard-like view with columns, the tasks are then moved to different phases until they are completed. Both Kanban and Scrum have a backlog of prioritized project tasks – but instead of scheduling work in sprints, kanban teams select the highest priority task in the backlog.

Kanban Board

The main feature of the Kanban method is the Kanban board. Similar to the manufacturing process, where products are assembled from individual parts on an assembly line, Kanban tasks pass through a series of columns until they are fully completed.

One example of the workflow using kanban boards:

Each task in your backlog requires development on the back end, then development on the front end, plus testing, and finally the release.

Your Kanban board depicts all those tasks that are then moved from one column to the next until all steps are completed.

Kanban Board
Kanban Board

Work In Progress Limit

Another important feature of Kanban is the work-in-progress (WIP) limit. For example, your back-end kanban team is working much faster than your front-end team. As a result, your front-end team would end up with numerous open tasks while in the back-end the entire team will have nothing to do.

WIP limits restrict the number of tasks that can be in a column at one time. When a team’s WIP limit is reached, it’s a signal that the team may be overwhelmed with work.

In such cases, other members of the team could help reduce the number of outstanding tasks. However, a reached WIP limit is usually a sign that the work distribution in the team is unbalanced.

To return to our example scenario: Fewer backend developers and more frontend developers could provide one possible solution to a cross-functional team.

Although Kanban lacks Scrum-specific retrospective ceremonies, continuous improvement is one of the basic principles.

Teams need to gradually look for ways to improve workflow, remove blockages, and streamline their processes all through the use of kanban boards.

Kanban VS Scrum
Scrum vs Kanban

What is Scrum?

Scrum is an agile methodology used to manage and organize tasks into smaller and achievable tasks that can be accomplished within a short time (usually 2-4 weeks).
To plan and execute this process, scrum relies on three specific roles:

  • The Product Owner
  • Scrum Master
  • Team Members

Agile project management advocates for a collaborative, iterative approach to software development – Scrum is a methodology that is commonly used to put the agile philosophy into practice.

The Scrum approach provides frameworks that project sponsors and software developers can use to collaborate while following agile principles. It was developed by Ken Schwaber and Jeff Sutherland, two members of the Agile Alliance.

Scrum tools help teams implement an agile approach while ensuring that all team members work steadily. A scrum board can help focus on whether the outcome is consistent with what project sponsors want, and that the scrum team improves over the course of a project.

Scrum Board
Scrum Board

Scrum team Roles:

There are three main roles in a Scrum team, which Digital Leadership will be outlining below:

1- Product Owner

The product owner is a representative of all project stakeholders who is available throughout the organizational development process to answer questions, review completed tasks and prioritize requirements.

Including the product owner in the development process helps the team adhere to the agile approach’s requirement for effective collaboration.

2- Scrum Master

The Scrum Master leads the development team, ensures that everyone can focus on their work, and conducts Scrum meetings.

Similar to a project manager, scrum masters act as the conductors of the scrum teams and ensure that the entire workflow runs smoothly and that the Scrum processes and rules are adhered to.

3- Development Team

A development team is a group of three to nine developers who are responsible for all tasks defined and prioritized by the product owner. They work with a prioritized product backlog (list of all project requirements), which consists of user stories.

User stories do not explain what needs to be done but describe the requirements for the product from a user’s point of view.

User stories always follow a specific format: [who], wants [what], so [why] is it important?

Work during the development process is completed in an iteration known as a sprint – a period of one week to one month during which the scrum team focuses on a specific, planned set of tasks.

These tasks are outlined in sprint planning, where teams identify and plan tasks for user stories that they believe can be completed successfully during the sprint.

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During the sprint, Scrum teams have a daily Scrum meeting where each team member answers the following three questions:

  1. What did you work on yesterday?
  2. What will you work on today?
  3. Are there any issues that are preventing you from completing your tasks smoothly?

At the end of each sprint, the team conducts two meetings. The first is the sprint review, where the team presents all tasks completed during the sprint to the product owner for approval.

The second meeting is the sprint retrospective, where the scrum teams analyze the strategic planning process with the aim of improving future sprints.

The following three questions are answered by each team member for this purpose:

  1. What went well in this sprint?
  2. What could have gone better?
  3. What should we do differently in the next sprint?

When to Use Scrum or Kanban

The choice between Scrum and Kanban depends on various factors, including the nature of the project, team dynamics, and the desired level of structure. Here are some considerations for when to use Scrum or Kanban:

Use Scrum When:

  1. Predictable Iterations are Beneficial:
    • Scrum is well-suited for projects where a predictable cadence or fixed-length iterations (sprints) are beneficial. This is especially useful when stakeholders require regular, incremental releases.
  2. Well-defined roles and Ceremonies are Preferred:
    • If a project benefits from well-defined roles (Product Owner, Scrum Master, Development Team) and ceremonies (Sprint Planning, Daily Standup, Sprint Review, Sprint Retrospective), Scrum provides a structured framework with clear responsibilities.
  3. Complex Projects with Changing Requirements:
    • Scrum is effective for complex projects where requirements are likely to change. The iterative and incremental nature of Scrum allows teams to adapt to evolving customer needs during each sprint.
  4. Focus on Team Collaboration:
    • Scrum places a strong emphasis on collaboration and communication within the cross-functional development team. If close teamwork and regular synchronization are priorities, Scrum can be a good fit.
  5. Desire for a Well-Defined Backlog:
    • Scrum includes a prioritized Product Backlog, providing a clear roadmap of features and requirements. If having a well-defined backlog is essential for planning, Scrum might be a suitable choice.

Use Kanban When:

  1. Continuous Flow is Essential:
    • Kanban is ideal for projects that require a continuous flow of work with no fixed-length iterations. If work items need to be delivered as soon as they are ready, Kanban provides the flexibility to do so.
  2. Flexibility in Roles and Structure is Preferred:
    • Kanban is less prescriptive about roles and ceremonies. If the team values flexibility in defining roles and adapting processes based on continuous feedback, Kanban can be a good fit.
  3. Variable Workloads:
    • Kanban is well-suited for environments with variable workloads. If work volumes and priorities fluctuate frequently, Kanban’s focus on limiting work in progress allows for efficient adaptation to changing circumstances.
  4. Visual Management is Important:
    • If visualizing work on a board is crucial for managing and optimizing workflow, Kanban provides a visual representation of work stages, helping teams to quickly identify bottlenecks and improve efficiency.
  5. No Need for Fixed-Length Planning Iterations:
    • If there is no specific need for fixed-length planning iterations, and work can be pulled as capacity allows, Kanban’s continuous flow approach may be more suitable.

Ultimately, the decision to use Scrum or Kanban depends on the project’s characteristics, team preferences, and the level of structure that aligns with the business goals. Some teams also opt for a combination of both frameworks, known as Scrumban, to leverage the strengths of both Scrum and Kanban.

Kanban Vs Scrum: Framework

Kanban vs Scrum Framework
Kanban vs Scrum Framework

Kanban Vs Scrum: Roles

FrameworkScrumKanban
Servant LeadershipScrum master initiallyNo roles required
Product ResponsibilityProduct ownerExisting roles are adopted
Teams3-9 Team members, collaborativeNo specific number of team members, cross-functional or specialized
Kanban vs Scrum Roles

Kanban Vs Scrum: Meetings

FrameworkScrumKanban
TimeboxDaily startup meetingNo guidelines
ExchangeTeam RetrospectiveNo guidelines
Steering (Customer & Stakeholder)Review Meeting after every sprintNo guidelines
Team ForecastBefore every sprintNo guidelines but regular meetings are required
Kanban vs Scrum Meetings

Kanban Vs Scrum: Artifacts

FrameworkScrumKanban
List of requirementsProduct BacklogBacklog
Supply cycleSprintDepends on the turnaround time
BoardSprint Backlog, Scrum board is optionalKanban board (Permanent: will only be deleted once the project is over)
DeliveryPotentially shippable product incrementProcessed tickets
MetricsVelocityLead time, Cycle time, WIP
Kanban vs Scrum Artifacts

What does agility mean?

Compared to Scrum and Kanban, agile frameworks are a philosophy rather than a process management methodology.

The term agile was first used in 2001 by The Agile Alliance, a group of 17 software developers, within two days, the developers wrote the Agile Manifesto, a collection of principles designed to promote steady progress as well as collaboration on process documentation and contract negotiations.

Before the Agile Manifesto was published, most software development projects were based on the so-called waterfall principle, a method in which all requirements for projects are defined before development begins.

In this process, teams of developers commit to completing a certain number of tasks in a certain amount of time, not taking into account sponsors’ feedback and changing priorities throughout, However, this has led to several problems:

If a problem arises during the development process, it is difficult to solve because the whole team has committed to a specific scope of work in advance.

Since the project requirements are written down in advance, the development team members receive very little input from project sponsors throughout the project process, because the development team works in a silo, project sponsors often don’t see a deliverable until the development process is complete. This can result in project sponsors not being satisfied with the final product.

Traditional Team Vs Agile Team Structure
Traditional Team Structure VS Agile Team Structure

In response to these problems, The Agile Alliance introduced a new, better development approach in which teams collaborate with project sponsors throughout the development process, gathering requirements and building code using an iterative approach, this leads to a continuous flow of work with feedback coming in throughout. Business value is increased through establishing great frequent communication with sponsors.

Agile methodology allows developers to address any issues that arise during the development process and gives project sponsors an overview of the entire project to bring in any concerns before it’s too late.

Agile vs Scrum vs Kanban: What is the Difference Between Them

“Agile,” “Scrum,” and “Kanban are terms often used in the context of project management and software development methodologies. Here’s a breakdown of the key differences between Agile, Scrum, and Kanban:

  1. Agile:
    • Philosophy: Agile is an overarching approach or mindset emphasizing flexibility, collaboration, and customer satisfaction. It prioritizes iterative and incremental development, responding to change, and delivering value continuously.
    • Principles: Agile is guided by the Agile Manifesto, which outlines values such as individuals and interactions, working solutions, customer collaboration, and responding to change.
    • Flexibility: Agile is not a specific methodology but a set of principles that can be applied in various ways. It allows for the adaptation of practices based on the specific needs and context of a project.
  2. Scrum:
    • Framework: Scrum is a specific Agile framework that provides a structured way to implement Agile principles. It prescribes roles, ceremonies, and artifacts to manage work effectively.
    • Roles: Scrum defines specific roles, including the Product Owner, Scrum Master, and Development Team.
    • Iterations: Work is organized into fixed-length iterations called sprints, typically 2-4 weeks long.
    • Ceremonies: Scrum includes ceremonies such as Sprint Planning, Daily Standup, Sprint Review, and Sprint Retrospective.
    • Artefacts: Scrum uses artefacts like the Product Backlog, Sprint Backlog, and Increment to track and manage work.
  3. Kanban:
    • Framework: Kanban is another Agile framework that focuses on continuous delivery and optimizing flow. It provides a visual way to manage work and limit work in progress.
    • Visual Management: Kanban uses a visual board to represent work stages and visualize the flow of work items.
    • Roles: Kanban is less prescriptive about roles, allowing teams to adapt based on their needs.
    • Iterations: Work in Kanban is continuous, with no fixed-length iterations.
    • Work Limits: Kanban emphasizes limiting work in progress (WIP) to maintain a smooth and efficient flow.

Key Differences between Agile, Scrum and Kanban:

  • Flexibility: Agile is a mindset, while Scrum and Kanban are specific frameworks that operate within the Agile philosophy.
  • Structured vs. Flexible: Scrum provides a more structured approach with predefined roles, ceremonies, and iterations, while Kanban is more flexible, allowing teams to adapt their processes based on continuous feedback.
  • Timeboxing: Scrum uses fixed-length sprints, while Kanban has no fixed iterations, allowing continuous delivery.
  • Visual Management: Kanban heavily relies on visualizing work on a board, while Scrum also uses visual elements but with a stronger emphasis on timeboxed iterations.

In summary, Agile is a mindset, Scrum is a specific framework with defined roles and iterations, and Kanban is a framework emphasizing visual management and continuous flow without fixed-length iterations. Each has its strengths, and the choice depends on the nature of the project and the team’s preferences.

AspectAgileScrumKanban
PhilosophyValues and principles guiding iterative development.Iterative framework within Agile, emphasizing fixed-length sprints.Continuous flow framework within Agile, focusing on visualizing work and limiting WIP.
RolesEmphasizes collaboration, no predefined roles.Defines roles (Product Owner, Scrum Master, Development Team).No predefined roles, flexible team structure.
TimeboxingEmphasizes timeboxing for iterative development.Timeboxed sprints (2-4 weeks).No fixed timeboxes; work is continuous.
PlanningAdaptive planning based on changing requirements.Sprint Planning at the beginning of each sprint.Continuous planning; work pulled based on capacity.
PrioritizationAdaptive and continuous.Sprint backlog prioritized during Sprint Planning.Continuous prioritization; pull highest-priority work.
FlexibilityHighly flexible; adapts to change.Moderate flexibility with fixed sprints.Highly flexible; adapts to changing priorities.
CadenceAdaptive iterations; no fixed cadence.Fixed-length sprints; regular cadence.No fixed cadence; work flows continuously.
MetricsVaries; focuses on delivering value.Velocity, burndown charts, sprint progress.Cycle time, lead time, throughput.
Visual ManagementVaries; may use visual tools like Kanban boards.Utilizes Scrum board for sprint progress.Core element; visualizes workflow on Kanban board.
WIP LimitsMay use, but not a core Agile principle.Implicit WIP limits within sprints.Core principle; explicit WIP limits to optimize flow.
Change ManagementAdaptable to change through iterative development.Change discouraged within sprints.Embraces change; adapts to shifting priorities.

Scrum and Kanban outside of Software Development

Although Scrum and Kanban are rooted in software development, the philosophies and frameworks of both methods are useful in various different areas.

Kanban teams, for example, are very well suited for the field of content marketing. Most content marketing workflows start with a backlog of ideas – an editorial calendar – planned by a content marketing manager.

From there, they might be passed to an SEO specialist, then to a content writer, to an editor, and to a designer before finally being published.

Kanban can also be a helpful approach for HR teams during the hiring process, with different tasks needing to be completed by different people (some from HR, others from the HR manager) at different times, the Kanban method makes it much easier to collaborate efficiently throughout the entire process.

Scrum could also be used, for example, by a design team working on a website redesign. One example: You want to launch your new website in six months, and there are numerous tasks that need to be completed as part of this project:

  • Update elements such as navigation menus, buttons, and CTAs.
  • Update images used in individual blog posts and landing pages
  • Update layouts of all landing pages
  • Update your company’s style guide to reflect the new guidelines

Because of the tight timeframe and the design team’s collaboration with other teams such as development, sales, product, and marketing, Scrum might be the optimal solution for managing the project.

For most large and complex projects – regardless of the scope of work – the clear structure of Scrum tools is often beneficial. For workflows that require the input or attention of multiple people, the Kanban teams are suitable.

Kanban vs Scrum for Project Management: What works best for you?

There are now a large number of tools available for both Kanban and Scrum methodologies, both with widely varying priorities and progress limits.

Some of these have been developed specifically for Scrum, and accordingly offer many functions for Scrum-specific ceremonies such as sprint planning and release planning, and use Scrum terminologies such as user stories and sprints.

While Scrum-specific tools may work well if your team is working exclusively with the Scrum methodology, they can quickly become less effective and quite a bit more difficult if you are planning on using both methods at the same time.

Kanban tools offer more flexibility for teams that want to work with both methods – depending on the individual task requirements.

Of course, Kanban tools are designed for the Kanban method and are accordingly well suited for it. But they are just as well suited for a Scrum approach: many teams use a Kanban board for Scrum – a practice also known as ScrumBan.

A Kanban board can start with the Product Backlog column, where all open user stories are listed. Product owners work in this column, creating user stories needed for the project and prioritizing them by arranging tiles in order of priority, for sprint planning, the development team then pulls all user stories into the Sprint Plan column to create a flow for the upcoming sprint. If needed, estimates can also be added and checklists can be used to break down the user stories into individual tasks.

When the development team is working on a user story, team members can move the card to the In Progress column, in addition, the Blocked column can be added to include any User Stories that cannot be completed due to a blocker (which must be removed by the Scrum Master).

Finally, you can add the Completed or Approved column for all User Stories that need to be presented to the Product Owner for approval. Once the User Stories have been approved, each card can be moved to the Done column for the Sprint in which the User Story was completed.

Kanban tools are flexible and easily understood by all interested parties outside the team. Project managers, project sponsors, and team managers can view the board at any time to get a quick overall view of the project’s progress, having an overview of the entire project is also beneficial to teams, as there is much less need for project status meetings and it gives team members the opportunity to review and track progress accordingly.

Build Agile Teams and Processes

At its core, the agile method is about continuous improvement. The Agile Alliance focused on collaboration, flexibility, and incremental performance improvement. But those may not be the improvements your team needs – and that’s completely fine.

Sometimes you will hear people say: “If you’re doing X, you’re not agile.” But agility itself is not a rule-based system, it’s a system of certain principles.

Those principles can be applied by any team in the way that works for them – as long as the project plan, which is continuous improvement, remains the main focus.

Therefore, when researching different agile methods, we would advise you to focus less on the theory and more on solving the problems. Ask yourself: what is complicating the teamwork and delaying the progress? And what approach can we use to solve this and create a smoother working process?

In the end, the definitions and processes are just descriptions. As the Agile manifesto states, working software – or the end result – is much more important than how you get there.

Conclusion

To conclude this article, Digital Leadership will give you some hands-on tasks to reflect on in order to find the right method for your team.

How much structure does your team need? Scrum relies on detailed, clearly defined rules and processes. Compared to Scrum, Kanban is a lot more flexible.

Are you dependent on other teams/projects? Scrum’s detailed planning processes are efficient if your work depends mostly on individuals and teams outside of your Scrum team. The Kanban workflow is better when all your work can be done by your own team.

Are your tasks dependent on other tasks? Scrum boards and scheduling works smoothly if some tasks in your backlog are completed before others are processed. Kanban relies on each task being completed in isolation from others.

Ultimately, neither method is inherently better than the other. The right choice for your team depends on your company structure, your team preferences, and the specifics of your work and project goals.

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